In the Philippines, there are roughly 290,000 new TB cases per year (WHO, 2016). Meanwhile, donor funding for TB has declined, health care costs are rising, and out-of-pocket spending accounts for roughly two-thirds of national TB expenditures. The Philippines needs to identify mechanisms to improve the efficiency of TB spending (i.e., mechanisms for spending money wisely). In the short term, this may mean finding ways to improve outputs—such as access, use of services, and quality—for a given level of spending on TB. In the long term, the Philippines and countries facing similar challenges may be interested in finding ways to achieve better outputs with fewer resources.