This report presents observed trends and lessons learned from a health financing landscape study of fifteen countries. We conducted detailed analyses of eight countries in West Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Guinea, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo (“core countries”). We also reviewed seven countries at various stages of achieving UHC to draw lessons learned and inform potential strategies: Ethiopia, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, and South Africa (“reference countries”).